A niche for every cell, for every function

HSC niche: ample room for every guest stem cell.

Modules for which every non-cosingular submodule is a summand

‎A module $M$ is lifting if and only if $M$ is amply supplemented and‎ ‎every coclosed submodule of $M$ is a direct summand‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we are‎ ‎interested in a generalization of lifting modules by removing the condition‎"‎amply supplemented‎" ‎and just focus on modules such that every non-cosingular‎ ‎submodule of them is a summand‎. ‎We call these modules NS‎. ‎We investigate some gen...

Rings for which every simple module is almost injective

We introduce the class of “right almost V-rings” which is properly between the classes of right V-rings and right good rings. A ring R is called a right almost V-ring if every simple R-module is almost injective. It is proved that R is a right almost V-ring if and only if for every R-module M, any complement of every simple submodule of M is a direct summand. Moreover, R is a right almost V-rin...

A globin in every cell?

A crucial requirement of metabolically active aerobic cells is a steady supply of oxygen. The red pigment of vertebrate skeletal muscle, oxygen-binding myoglobin (Mb), serves this function by facilitating the delivery of O2 from the plasma membrane to the energy-producing mitochondria (1). The delivery of O2 from lungs or gills to muscles is also very efficient because of the cooperative loadin...

A carbon for every nitrogen.

Biology and the environment interact, one shaping the other (1). In the oceans, the chemistry of seawater and the chemistry of life are intimately linked (2). In 1958, Alfred Redfield (3) noted that the microscopic plankton of the surface ocean contain carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous atoms in a stoichiometry of ∼105:16:1 and that as these organisms sink and decay, the deep waters of the ocean...